Quanta

[:es]A new idea called the “information bottleneck” is helping to explain the puzzling success of today’s artificial-intelligence algorithms — and might also explain how human brains learn.[:]

[:es]Two mathematicians have proved that two different infinities are equal in size, settling a long-standing question. Their proof rests on a surprising link between the sizes of infinities and the complexity of mathematical theories.[:]

[:es]Reductionism breaks the world into elementary building blocks. Emergence finds the simple laws that arise out of complexity. These two complementary ways of viewing the universe come together in modern theories of quantum gravity[:]

[:es]Take chemistry, add energy, get life. The first tests of Jeremy England’s provocative origin-of-life hypothesis are in, and they appear to show how order can arise from nothing.[:]

[:eu]Kaisa Matomäki has proved that properties of prime numbers over long intervals hold over short intervals as well. The techniques she uses have transformed the study of these elusive numbers.[:]

[:eu]Maryam Mirzakhani’s monumental work draws deep connections between topology, geometry and dynamical systems.[:]

[:eu]A French mathematician has completed the classification of all convex pentagons, and therefore all convex polygons, that tile the plane.[:]

[:eu]Supernova hunters were able to train their telescopes on a recent eruption just hours after it exploded. What they found only adds to the growing list of questions surrounding these cosmic blasts.[:]

[:eu]If gut bacteria can sway their hosts to be selfless, it could answer a riddle that goes back to Darwin.[:]